Toothpaste designed for sensitive teeth often uses different abrasives or lower levels of abrasion compared to standard whitening or tartar-control pastes. This is to avoid aggravating already sensitive areas and to provide the "gentler brushing experience" mentioned. It does not mean the product is ineffective at cleaning.
The primary cleaning action in any toothpaste comes from the combination of mild abrasives and surfactants that help remove plaque and food debris. A sensitivity-focused formula prioritizes comfort and blocking pain signals (often via ingredients like potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride) while still providing adequate cleaning for daily maintenance. The fresh mint taste and clean feeling it leaves are indicators it is performing its basic cleansing function.
For most people with sensitivity, this level of cleaning is sufficient when used with proper technique. If you are concerned about plaque control, you can ensure you are brushing for a full two minutes, covering all surfaces, and complementing your routine with daily flossing. The trade-off for greater comfort is typically worth it if sensitivity is your main concern.