Erythritol and sorbitol belong to a category called sugar alcohols (polyols), which are widely used in sugar-free and reduced-sugar foods to provide sweetness without the same metabolic impact as regular sugar. They are generally recognized as safe by major food safety authorities.
Erythritol is known for being largely absorbed in the small intestine and excreted unchanged, which means it tends to cause fewer digestive issues for most people compared to other polyols. Sorbitol, on the other hand, is less completely absorbed and can draw water into the intestine, which may lead to bloating, gas, or a laxative effect if consumed in large amounts.
The cookie uses them as part of a blend with stevia to achieve a sweet taste without added sugar. The most important practical note is that individual tolerance varies significantly. If you have a sensitive digestive system or are not accustomed to foods containing polyols, it's wise to start with a small portion (like half a cookie) to see how you react, rather than consuming multiple servings at once. This is a standard precaution for any product containing these ingredients. They are not harmful, but their digestive effects are the most common reason someone might need to moderate intake.