How does the action of the plant extracts in the formula differ from that of the oil base?

The oil base — caprylic/capric triglycerides — acts physically: it creates a thin film on the surface of the skin or mucous membrane that slows down moisture evaporation and serves as a barrier against external irritants. This is a fast and predictable mechanism that does not depend on any particular plant material.

Plant extracts work differently — through the biologically active substances they contain. Several directions can be distinguished here:

• Soothing: chamomile and calendula help reduce redness and irritation.
• Restorative: St John's wort and yarrow support the healing of minor skin damage.
• Antiseptic: wormwood, fennel and caraway gently help keep the skin and mucous membranes clean.
• Antioxidant: Scots pine and rosehip extracts contain substances that help protect cells from oxidative stress.

Peppermint and fennel essential oils occupy an intermediate position: they both enhance the antiseptic effect and create a noticeable cooling and refreshing sensation on application.

Thus the oil base provides a protective barrier, while the plant complex complements it with a targeted effect on the condition of the skin and mucous membranes.